Backs do make a difference, you need 8 inches to do the job properly and the same is true for barrels!
That was discovered by Tom Kaye of Automags fame and I trust his judgement.
After that length you are slowing the ball down again.
Right, 2 points to make here, which are really musings rather than statements/arguments, as my mate got me thinking about this kinda quesiton the other day...
1) Tom Kaye, brilliant man that he is, and a favorite of mine for having stuck his tongue in an x-mag to show how good the lvl10 was, did his research when balls were propelled with quite high pressure. Now I'm not sure I can justify what i'm about to say, but it makes sense in my mind - to fire a paintball at lower pressure, you need greater volume, and to my thinking a longer barrel back to what kaye proposed would be better for a high-volume low pressure firing method (angel ones and other ridiculously low (firing) pressure markers), as the high volume of gas would reduce in pressure less over X distance than a high pressure low volume burst, meaning it propels the ball for longer before loosing its "push". Think of it as a punch and a shove - punch is hard with low contact time, and a shove is not as hard but with longer contact time, both will knock you over (dont "knock" the analogy, I know its bad, but I'm tired). I'm sure the brains of the forum might lend some help as to whether i'm right or not, however I'm confident in saying a high-pressure low volume burst lends itself to a different sized back than a low pressure high volume burst. How much difference this would make I could not tell you.
I'd also like to note to all the disbeleivers of Tom Kaye that he did his work empirically i.e. he made up a load of barrels and tested different lengths himself. In this way I'd beleive anything he says more than any theory I or anyone else can come up with without testing.
2) Chatting to a mate the other day, it occured to me the field of paintball aerodynamics is seriously under-studyed. Sure, people have tested different barrels, but I havent heard of many computer models or flight dynamics simulations of paintballs. Which lead me to these musings (after a few bottles of heineken admittedly):
If you look at the fluids of paintballs, you can see two types - the thin watery paint and the thick tourny stuff. I was thinking about how paintballs spun and what the liquid inside would do. My thoughts were that the more viscous the liquid, the more it would "cling" to the inside of the shell, and tend towards an even coating of the inside of the shell under high speed rotation, leading to a more stable flight path. I'm not quite sure what kind of speed of spin you'd need, I'm sure it could be calculated but I'd need all kinds of numbers, otherwise it would just be a guess.
A thin liquid on the other hand would exhibit less skin tension between it and the paintball walls, and would thus tend to collect in the bottom until a VERY high spinning speed, at which point it would spread evenly over the internal surface.
I'm still not sure which I would expect to give a better flight trajectory. I'm thinking the thicker fill, as the fluid would react less erratically to movement (think a glass of water versus a mug of thick soup), but I still cant decide.
Before anyone points it out, I've done this with the knowledge that there is always a very small amount of air in a paintball. Even if you ignore this however, the internal fluid dynamics would lead to the same conclusions.
Anyway, thats one to ponder, but I am leaning towards the thinking that the fill of a paintball might actually make more of a difference to its flight trajectory than the skin, and possibly the size of the seams - big seams are often found in cheap paint, which has thin fills. Its rare to find a thick fill in a bad seam (unless its a bad batch) or the other way around, leading me to beleive my theory isnt one that has/can be readily tested... werd...