RE: Robbo:
I'm aware of Tom Kaye's studies (though I wasn't fortunate enough to see them take place in person, like you. I had to make due with low-res images and 10 page desriptions), but I was under the impression that those focused mostly on the effects of rifling, porting and bore size on the flight of a ball. I didn't remember reading anything regarding length (though it's been quite a while since I read that). However I think I remember, somebody, I think it was the makers of the "Hammerhead" barrel some years back, doing some research into the subject of barrel length, comparing the same barrel backs with fronts of differing lengths, under equal circumstances (using the same bench-mounted marker in a climate-controlled environment) and measuring the differences, if any. If I remember correctly, they discovered that after a certain length, 18" I do believe, they ran into problems and couldn't get the same performance. Their conclusion (which I don't think they ever completely proved), was that the longer barrels were making such inefficient use of the gas and decelerating the ball to such an extent that, even with additional pressure, the ball wouldn't travel the same distance and/or hit the target with as many shots per grouping (the study wasn't really concerned with the how or why, so that was as far as they went with it). However, this all coming from the memory of an internet article I read somewhere probably 3 or 4 years ago, so I could be wrong. Not to mention that they didn't start to see performance differences until they passed 18", so the whole argument is largely theoretical anyway, since there's maybe a handful of barrels that are available even in 18" lenths, let alone longer.
Basically though, there should be no noticeable difference between barrels ranging from 8" to 16", and since there's very few barrel manufacturers who even make a barrel longer than that, that should sufficiently answer the question originally proposed.