It all depends.
Most search engines just steal from google, so thats the best one to start with.
Google is a webspider search engine, it searches for keywords in your site content and headings.
Your page heading is the most important thing because that will be the title of the result in google.
When i did a website for a rental paintball site I made sure every heading conatined "Painball" "Manchester" so that it always comes up top if you use them two keywords in your search. It still comes up 2nd
.
Once you have good page titles it should appear on google soon, but to speed up the process you can submit your site
here
There are lots of other search engines, you just have to work out which ones steal from google, which ones require you to submit your url and which are just a rip off.
Most of the big search engines dont bother with meta tags anymore, in fact excessive meta tags or keywords will push you further down the list on google and others I would imagine.